PlaySport games can offer children of all abilities an opportunity to participate in developmentally appropriate, challenging activities with their peers. Furthermore, games can be a fun and motivating way to work on the development of skills and strategies. Some children may need assistance to participate in the games, but participation will improve their self-concept as well as how others view them.

The following are general guidelines for adapting games and activities for children with varying ability levels:

1.     Size: The size of the equipment and playing area can be modified to allow a student to be more independent and successful. Larger balls can be used to make catching easier. Smaller bats or striking implements can be used for participants who cannot hold regulation bats, and lowering nets in volleyball or making baskets lower and balls larger can be used in basketball.

2.     Space: The playing space can be made smaller by making alternative boundaries for children with disabilities. For example, rules can be modified so that players are required to stay in certain playing areas. If a ball goes into an area where a child with a disability is playing then he/she will have an opportunity to handle the ball without being confronted by higher ability players. The space can also be made smaller by utilising the corner of the gym or room so that the ball does not go as far away from the participants.

3.     Weight: The weight of objects can be modified in such a way that the game can be slowed down or can be less intimidating for players with disabilities. For example, a beachball, bladder ball or balloon can replace a volleyball so that the game is slowed down. A foam ball can replace a regulation soccer ball so that the game of soccer is not as dangerous for players with disabilities.

4.     Peer Assistance: The buddy system can help build self-confidence for children with low self-esteem or lower skill levels. Consider using a buddy system with the whole group so as not to single out the child or children with lower self-esteem or playing skills.

5.     Rules of the Games: The rules of various games should be adhered to as closely as possible, especially when children without disabilities or higher functioning children are playing the same game. However, simple equipment changes or the use of a partner will often be enough to allow children with disabilities an opportunity to participate. There are times when more major modifications may be necessary. For example, marking zones can allow higher and lower functioning players to be challenged at their own level. Two to four higher functioning players can compete against each other when the ball is in their zone, and two to four players with severe disabilities can compete when the ball is in their zone.

Another way to modify rules is to allow the players with disabilities different ways of taking their turn. For example, in a game of softball a player may be allowed to push a ball into the field rather than strike it. The child can then roll over to get to a base that is placed closer than the regular bases or can be pushed in a wheelchair around the bases. Teams can still be integrated, and teammates should be encouraged to cheer in a positive manner.

When considering when to make modifications it is important to remember they may not always be necessary. When modifications have to be made it is important to ensure that the integrity of the activity for all students is retained as much as possible. There is a continuum of modifications, from minimal to considerable, to think about when adapting a program. Modifications that increase the success for the person with the disability but that do not affect the program for others are the most desirable. Modifications that do not allow for authentic integration of the activity should be avoided. To successfully modify an activity take into consideration the past experiences of all children. And, most importantly, ask those with a disability for suggestions on how to best modify an activity so that they can be challenged and have fun at the activity.